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Concept Taxonomy — Dakhotiyapi

12 categories | Generated: 2026-07-10


# Category Name TaxonomyID Description Count
1 Foundation Concepts FOUND Core language identity, orthography, and dialect overview 5
2 Greetings & Identity GREET Greeting forms, name constructions, social phrases 10
3 Grammar & Structure GRAM Sentence structure, verb forms, suffixes, pronouns, articles 28
4 Vocabulary VOCAB Individual lexical items — nouns, verbs, descriptors 42
5 Numbers & Counting NUM Cardinal numbers, counting systems, arithmetic language 14
6 Culture & Values CULT Cultural concepts, values, worldview, relational ethics 40
7 History HIST Pre-contact society, treaties, war, exile, governance 42
8 Language Revitalization REV Revitalization programs, language sovereignty, resources 8
9 ACTFL & Proficiency LANG Proficiency levels, assessment frameworks 5
10 Miscellaneous MISC Cross-cutting or uncategorized concepts 6

Category Definitions

FOUND — Foundation Concepts

Core meta-concepts about the Dakota language: what it is, its orthography system, and how it relates to the broader Siouan language family. These are the zero-dependency concepts that everything else builds on.

GREET — Greetings & Identity

All greeting phrases, name construction patterns, leave-taking expressions, and affirmation/negation words. These are typically the first concepts introduced in Chapter 1.

GRAM — Grammar & Structure

Grammatical rules, patterns, and structures: word order (SOV), verb suffixes (-kte, -šni), pronoun system, stative verb structure, possessive prefixes, article use, and narrative connectors.

VOCAB — Vocabulary

Individual Dakota lexical items introduced across all chapters — body parts, family terms, seasonal words, directional words, ceremonial vocabulary, and narrative language.

NUM — Numbers & Counting

The Dakota number system from 1 through 1,000, including how numbers above ten are formed, multiples of ten, and the cultural context of Dakota counting.

CULT — Culture & Values

Cultural concepts, values (wačháŋtognaka, ohítika, ksapá), the relational worldview (Mitákuye Oyásʼiŋ), ceremonial traditions, kinship systems, oral tradition pedagogy, and environmental ethics. The largest category reflecting the AIS 112 integration.

HIST — History

Historical events, political structures, and geographic contexts: pre-contact Dakota society, trade networks, the treaty period (1851, 1858), U.S.-Dakota War of 1862, Fort Snelling, Mankato executions, exile, and contemporary community context.

REV — Language Revitalization

Concepts related to the ongoing revitalization of Dakota: language endangerment, sovereignty, immersion programs, master-apprentice models, community organizations (Dakhóta Iápi Okhódakičhiye), and ethical dimensions of language learning.

LANG — ACTFL & Proficiency

The ACTFL proficiency framework as applied to this course: Novice Low, Mid, High, and Intermediate Low descriptors and their chapter alignment.

MISC — Miscellaneous

Cross-cutting concepts that don't fit neatly into one category, including learner ethics, AI and language ethics, and land acknowledgment practice.